Patients may have several indicators when it's time to consider the hospice benefit.
Each diagnosis is different but often times patients may have:
- Recurrent infections - urinary tract infection, upper respiratory infection
- Frequent ER and Doctor visits
- Weight loss
- Trouble swallowing or aspiration
- Difficulty with walking and needing assistance with activities of daily living
- Bladder leakage/incontinence
- Premature ulcers Ð skin related
- Trouble remembering, confusion
- Swelling in feet and ankles
- Increased shortness of breath at rest or with minor activity
- Dehydration
- Abnormal lab values
CARDIAC DISEASE - Patients get short of breath, have weakness and episodes of cardiac pain
- NYHA Class IV criteria: significant symptoms of recurrent CHF at rest or;
- Ejection fraction of 20% or less
- Has poor response to or chooses not to pursue treatment with diuretics, vasodilators, and
or ACE inhibitors (documentation by physician is sufficient)
- History of arrhythmia, unexplained syncope, and/or cardiac arrest
- Not a candidate for or declines invasive procedures
COPD/Pulmonary Disease - Patients get short of breath with little activity, are on oxygen and get weak or tired easily
- Disabling dyspnea at rest resulting in decreased functional capacity or decreasing FEV1 post bronchodilator less than 30% of predicted
- Frequent treatment of respiratory infections documented or decreasing FEV1 greater than 40 ml per year on oxygen
- Hypoxemia with pO2 of 55mm/Hg or less or O2 SAT of 88% or less on room air
- Cor pulmonale, resting tachycardia (greater than 100/min)
- Unintentional weight loss
CANCER - Patients have a cancer diagnosis and have limited number of radiation and chemotherapy treatments deemed non-curative
- Metastatic disease or evidence of progression in spite of treatment
- Patient declining further treatment
- Cancer with poor prognosis
Dementia - Increased confusion, unable to take care of personal needs, unable to walk without assistance
- Unable to ambulate, or perform activities of daily living without assistance
- No meaningful verbal communication
- Incontinence of bladder/bowel
- Stage 7 on FAST Scale and any comorbid or secondary condition (ex. coronary heart disease and COPD)
- At least one of the following in the last 12 months; UTI, aspiration pneumonia, septicemia,
stage 3-4 decubitus ulcers, recurrent fever after antibiotics, inability to maintain sufficient fluid
and caloric intake resulting in 10% weight loss
Adult Failure To Thrive - Patient with unexplained or non-reversible weight loss, appears very thin
- Unexplained weight loss in the past 6-12 months
- Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 22 (figured using height and weight)
- Nutritional support declined or no improvement with nutritional support
- Karnofsky score of 40% or less
Stroke/Coma - Patient with recent life threatening stroke
- Meet the criteria for dementia
- Karnofsky score of less than 50%
- Poor nutritional status evidenced by weight loss of greater than 10% over the last 6 months or serum albumin of 2.5 gm/dl or less
General Debility - Patient has general decline in overall status, weight loss, frequent falls and increased weakness
- Life limiting condition
- Needs assistance with ADL's
- Recent decline in functional status
- Low serum albumin or unintentional weight loss
ALS - Lou Gehrig's Disease
- Impaired lung function (dyspnea at rest, VC less than 30%, supplemental 02 at rest, patient declines artificial ventilation)
- Rapid progression of ALS (from independent ambulation to wheelchair or bedbound, from normal to barely intelligible or
unintelligible speech, from normal to pureed diet, and from independence in ADL's to major assistance by caregiver)
- Critical nutritional impairment (oral intake of nutrients and liquids insufficient to sustain life, continuing weight loss,
dehydration or hypovolemia, absence of artificial feeding methods)
- Both rapid progression of ALS and life-threatening complications (recurrent aspiration pneumonia with or without tube
feedings, upper UTI, sepsis and recurrent fever after antibiotic)
Liver Disease - Patient with jaundice (yellowish skin tone), swelling in abdomen
- INR greater than 1.5, serum albumin less than 2.5
- At least one of the following:
- Refractory ascites, encephalopathy
- Recurrent variceal bleeding
- Hepatorenal syndrome (elevated BUN and Creatinine with oliguria and urine sodium concentration less than 10 mEq/l
Renal Disease - Kidney failure and not on dialysis
- Not seeking dialysis or transplantation
- Serum creatinine greater than 8 (greater than 6 if diabetic)
- Creatinine clearance less than 10 cc/min (less than 15 cc/min for diabetes)
HIV/AIDS - Patient has frequent upper respiratory infections or frequent pneumonia and increased weakness
- CD 4 less than 25 or viral load greater than 100,000
- Karnofsky Scale of 50% or less
- Patient has elected to forgo antiretroviral and prophylactic therapy related specifically to HIV disease